Wireless switch with multipolar electromagnetic generator

ABSTRACT

A wireless switch comprises a mechanical oscillator, a mechanical impulse deliverer, a first array of magnets positioned on a planar surface, a first conductor, and a power management circuit. The mechanical impulse deliverer delivers a mechanical impulse to the mechanical oscillator when the wireless switch is switched. The first array comprises a one dimensional or two dimensional array of magnets. The first conductor comprises a first serpentine conductor. The power management circuit provides DC power as a result of relative motion due to the mechanical oscillator between the first array of magnets and the first conductor.

CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/855,848, entitled WIRELESS SWITCH WITH MULTIPOLARELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATOR filed Aug. 13, 2010 which is incorporatedherein by reference for all purposes, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/242,805 entitled MULTIPOLARELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATOR filed Sep. 16, 2009 which is incorporatedherein by reference for all purposes.

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/855,848, entitled WIRELESS SWITCH WITH MULTIPOLARELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATOR filed Aug. 13, 2010 which is incorporatedherein by reference for all purposes, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/315,021 entitled MULTIPOLARELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATOR FOR A SWITCH filed Mar. 18, 2010 which isincorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are many sensor application areas where there is a clear need forinnovative power solutions. The market for wireless sensor networks inindustrial automation, supply chain management, construction, homeautomation, asset tracking and environmental monitoring is expected togrow to well over 400 million devices by 2012. The average useful lifeof such a system is targeted to be more than 10 years, which means thatthe stand-alone usage of conventional batteries poses significantbarriers to being a robust energy solution.

Harvesting energy from motion has been the focus of intense research.There are three common technological approaches: piezoelectric,electrostatic, and electromagnetic. Numerous research groups andcompanies have tried to develop miniature thin-film piezoelectricdevices to harness vibrations in the last 20 years. However, one problemis that thin-film piezoelectric energy have limited power output becauseof their high-voltage low-current output, typically tens of volts andless than nanoamperes, which makes it difficult to convert withoutsubstantial losses. Another problem is the high intrinsic frequencies ofpiezoelectric (PZT) materials, typically around MHz, that can't becoupled to any vibrations or cyclical motion available for practicalapplications.

Other groups have focused on developing electrostatic generators.Electrostatic generators have limited power output similar topiezoelectric generators also due to the fact that they produce onlyhigh voltages and low electrical currents. Furthermore, it can be shownthat in most cases electrostatic generators have lower power densitiesthan either piezoelectric or electromagnetic generators due to therelatively low energy density of an electrostatic air gap on which theelectrostatic generators rely.

On the other hand, electromagnetic power generators have the potentialto supply relatively large amounts of power without being restricted tothe intrinsic frequencies of piezoelectric materials. However,generating sufficient power at a desired compact scale has still notbeen achieved. Further, the unmatched natural frequency of a small scaledevice, typically kHz, cannot be coupled to the vibrations that arecommonly available for most applications. Lastly, current designsrequire state-of-the-art precision machining and assembly (e.g., e lasercutting, electrical discharge machining (EDM), and CNC machining) ormicromachining and thin film technologies (e.g., Magnetic materials,both permanent magnets and magnetic alloys, are difficult and expensiveto do as thinfilms. Micromachining in general gets expensive as the sizeof the device gets larger, and in this case the devices need to berelatively large (˜1 cm^2) to give any reasonable amount of power. Atthat size, micromachining becomes quite expensive.) that drasticallyraise manufacturing costs beyond that of batteries.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the followingdetailed description and the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator.

FIG. 1D is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator.

FIG. 1E is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator.

FIG. 1F is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powergenerator.

FIG. 2B are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of suspension sheetgeometries.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductorlayout on a layer of a multilayer circuit board.

FIG. 3B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductor incross section view.

FIG. 3C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductor ona layer of a multilayer circuit board.

FIG. 3D is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductor ontwo layers of a multilayer circuit board.

FIG. 3E is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multilayercircuit board with five serpentine conductors on each one of multiplelayers. FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of amultipole magnet in the form of a magnetic sheet.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multipolemagnet.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multipolemagnet in the form of a magnetic sheet.

FIG. 4C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multipolemagnet in the form of an array of bar magnets.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powergenerator.

FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powergenerator.

FIG. 6 are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of a coil conductor.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powermanagement circuit.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process forgenerating power.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process forpower management.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are block diagrams illustrating embodiments ofwireless switches.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a mechanism toactuate a proof mass using a push button or a rocker switch.

FIG. 12A-C are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of mechanisms toactuate a proof mass using a rotary dial.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a mechanism toactuate a proof mass using a sliding switch.

FIG. 14A is a graph illustrating a displacement of a proof mass duringan oscillation after being actuated in one embodiment.

FIG. 14B is a graph illustrating a voltage generated over time afterbeing actuated in one embodiment.

FIGS. 15A-D are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of a preloadedswitch.

FIGS. 16A and 16B are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of apreloaded rotary switch.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a preloadedrotary switch.

FIG. 18A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a catch andrelease mechanism.

FIG. 18B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a catch andrelease mechanism.

FIG. 18C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a catch andrelease mechanism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as aprocess; an apparatus; a system; a composition of matter; a computerprogram product embodied on a computer readable storage medium; and/or aprocessor, such as a processor configured to execute instructions storedon and/or provided by a memory coupled to the processor. In thisspecification, these implementations, or any other form that theinvention may take, may be referred to as techniques. In general, theorder of the steps of disclosed processes may be altered within thescope of the invention. Unless stated otherwise, a component such as aprocessor or a memory described as being configured to perform a taskmay be implemented as a general component that is temporarily configuredto perform the task at a given time or a specific component that ismanufactured to perform the task. As used herein, the term ‘processor’refers to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing coresconfigured to process data, such as computer program instructions.

A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the invention isprovided below along with accompanying figures that illustrate theprinciples of the invention. The invention is described in connectionwith such embodiments, but the invention is not limited to anyembodiment. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims andthe invention encompasses numerous alternatives, modifications andequivalents. Numerous specific details are set forth in the followingdescription in order to provide a thorough understanding of theinvention. These details are provided for the purpose of example and theinvention may be practiced according to the claims without some or allof these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technicalmaterial that is known in the technical fields related to the inventionhas not been described in detail so that the invention is notunnecessarily obscured.

A self powered switch with wireless interconnection is disclosed. Thewireless switch comprises a mechanical oscillator, a mechanical impulsedeliverer, an array of magnets, a conductor, a power management circuit,and a power management circuit. The mechanical impulse delivererdelivers a mechanical impulse to the mechanical oscillator when thewireless switch is switched. The array comprises a one dimensional ortwo dimensional array of magnets positioned on a planar surface. Theconductor comprises a serpentine conductor. The power management circuitprovides DC power as a result of relative motion due to the mechanicaloscillator between the array of magnets and the conductor.

In some embodiments, the power generated by the motion associated withswitching the switch is used to transmit the information that the switchhas been switched. The DC power generated powers a transmitter thattransmits the information of the state change of the switch to areceiver. In some embodiments, the wireless switch includes a processorthat is used to track the state of the switch (e.g., using a sensor oran electrical signal indicating a state of the switch) and to indicateone or more states (e.g., a dial or rotary switch or a dimmer slideswitch, etc.). In some embodiments, the wireless switch includes amemory coupled to the processor to store state information or statetransition rules or other instructions for the processor. In someembodiments, the processor is coupled to a receiver that can receivestate information or other instructions as transmitted from atransmitter. In some embodiments, the wireless switch receiver and/orprocessor are powered using a battery that is charged by the motion ofthe switch.

A wireless switch is disclosed. The wireless switch comprises amechanical oscillator, a mechanical impulse deliverer, a multipolemagnet, a set of coils, and a power management circuit. The mechanicalimpulse deliverer delivers a mechanical impulse when the wireless switchis switched to the mechanical oscillator. There is relative motion dueto the mechanical oscillator between the set of coils and the multipolemagnet. The power management circuit uses a current generated by havingrelative motion between the set of coils and the mulitpole magnet togenerate power for transmitting a wireless signal indicating that thewireless switch has been switched.

In some embodiments, suspension springs that are preloaded areadvantageous. A preloaded generator works as follows. The suspensionsprings are initially held in a preloaded position by some ratcheting orfriction mechanism. When a user actuates the device (e.g., a wirelessswitch), the ratcheting mechanism pushes a proof mass and springsslightly further in the direction of the preload and then releases themechanism. A ratcheting wheel rotates counter clockwise to complete thisaction. The wheel, however, cannot rotate in the clockwise direction.Once released, the proof mass oscillates to the far side and back,catching the ratcheting mechanism on the return. Thus, the systemremains in preload for the next actuation. Depending on timing, theproof mass may oscillate more than once before catching the ratchetingmechanism, but it cannot oscillate so long that its amplitude is too lowto re-engage the ratcheting mechanism.

In some embodiments, a proof mass is caught by a latch. The latch isreleased when a user pulls or pushes on the device. The latch isreleased when latch makes contact after moving due to the displacementof the proof mass as a result of the user pull or push.

There are two advantages of this type of design for a powergenerator: 1) The maximum voltage is proportional to maximum velocity,and by preloading the springs, the maximum velocity in increased in thisdesign; and 2) All of the energy collection happens very quickly, in thefirst oscillation or first few oscillations—thus, the maximum power ishigher, although the total energy generation is not. Compressing theenergy generation into a shorter time interval can be advantageous forsome applications.

In some embodiments the mechanical impulse deliverer is actuated by abutton, a lever, a rotary dial, a toggle switch, etc. The impulsedeliverer displaces a proof mass a given distance and then release theproof mass while leaving space for the proof mass to oscillate withoutinterference.

In some embodiments, the conductor is implemented by means of amultilayer circuit board. In various embodiments, the conductorcomprises a serpentine conductor, a set of coils, multiple layers ofconductor, multiple structures corresponding to multiple poles, or anyother appropriate conductor.

In some embodiments, a wireless switch comprises a power generator. Insome embodiments, the power generator comprises an array of magnetspositioned on a planar surface, a conductor, and a power managementcircuit. The array comprises a one dimensional or two dimensional arrayof magnets. The conductor comprises a serpentine conductor that is on aplurality of layers of a multilayer printed circuit board. The powermanagement circuit generates DC power as a result of relative motionbetween the array of magnets and the conductor.

In some embodiments, a wireless switch comprises a power generator. Insome embodiments, the power generator comprises a sheet magnet, aconductor, and a power management circuit. The sheet magnet includes aone dimensional or two dimensional array of alternating magnetic poles.The conductor comprises a serpentine conductor that is on more than asingle plane. The power management circuit generates DC power as aresult of relative motion between the sheet magnet and the conductor.

In some embodiments, a wireless switch comprises a power generator. Insome embodiment, the power generator comprises a mutlipole magnet, a setof coils, and a power management circuit. The multipole magnet and thecoils oscillate relative to each other. A voltage and/or current is/aregenerated by the relative motion between the multipole magnet and set ofcoils. A power management circuit conditions the power generated for useby standard electronics or electrical systems.

In some embodiments, the conductor or set of coils is implemented as amultilayer circuit board. If the circuit board is fixed, or stationary,the magnet is attached to a flexure that allows it to oscillate withrespect to the conductor. If the magnet is fixed, the circuit board (orother embodiment of the coils or conductor(s)) is securely attached to aflexure that allows it to oscillate with respect to the magnet.

In some embodiments, a multilayer circuit board has a conductor on thesurfaces of the multiple layers of a multilayer circuit board thatpresent an area to the magnetic field of a multipole magnet. Themultilayer circuit board is moved (e.g., oscillated) relative to themultipole magnet, or alternatively the magnet is moved relative to thecircuit board. The conductor of the multilayer circuit board experiencesa change in magnetic flux enclosed by the conductor due to the relativemotion between the multilayer circuit board and the multipole magnetleading to a voltage and/or current generated across the planar coilcreated by the conductor. In some embodiments, a power managementcircuit conditions the power by converting an alternating voltage (e.g.,due to the oscillation) to DC voltage by using rectification (e.g., adiode circuit) and storing the energy on a capacitor and/or a battery orproviding the power directly to an electrical load or circuit that usesthe power.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator. In the example shown, multipole magnet 100 andmultipole magnet 102 each comprise a series of magnets with a cycle ofadjacent north-south and then south-north oriented magnets. In someembodiments, multipole magnet 100 and/or multipole magnet 102comprise(s) a sheet magnet (e.g., NdFeB sheet magnet). In someembodiments, a sheet magnet has a surface magnetic field of ˜150 mTesla.In various embodiments, the pitch for the magnet is a couple ofmillimeters, 1 millimeter, a fraction of a millimeter, or any otherappropriate pitch. In some embodiments, the pitch is matched to therange of motion being harvested for energy. In some embodiments, thereis only one multipole magnet (e.g., multipole magnet 100 or multipolemagnet 102) presenting a field to multilayer circuit board.

Multipole magnet 100 and multipole magnet 102 each presents a magneticfield to multilayer circuit board 104. Multipole magnet 100 andmultipole magnet 102 are on opposite sides of multilayer circuit board104. Multipole magnet 100 and multipole magnet 102 are aligned such thatthe stripes of north of one magnet line up with the stripes of south ofthe other magnet. Multilayer circuit board 104 experiences a highermagnetic field because of the two magnets (multipole magnet 100 andmultipole magnet 102). Multilayer circuit board 104 moves relative tomultipole magnet 100 and multipole magnet 102. Multilayer circuit board104 is oscillated using suspension 106 and suspension 110. Suspension106 suspends multilayer circuit board 104 from fixed structure 108.Suspension 110 suspends multilayer circuit board 104 from fixedstructure 112. Suspension 106 and suspension 110 are selected such thatthe oscillation frequency of the suspended multilayer circuit board 104is tailored for the motion experienced by the power generator. Invarious embodiments, the tailoring is achieved by selecting the size,material, mass (e.g., adding mass), or any other appropriatecharacteristic of multilayer circuit board 104 and/or suspension 106and/or suspension 110. In some embodiments, weight is added tomultilayer circuit board 104. In some embodiments, suspension 106 and/orsuspension 110 are made using low cost stamping and cutting. In someembodiments, suspension 106 and/or suspension 110 are made of plastic.In some embodiments, suspension 106 and/or suspension 110 is/are part ofa suspension sheet, where the suspension sheet is coupled to multilayercircuit board 104.

In some embodiments, multilayer circuit board 104 is approximately 5.5cm wide, 5.5 cm tall, and 1 mm thick. Multilayer circuit board 104weighs 10 g and is suspended by using a stamped metal suspension 106 andsuspension 110 with a resonant frequency of approximately 160 Hz.

In some embodiments, multilayer circuit board 104 is approximately 3.5cm wide, 4 cm tall, and 1 mm thick. Multilayer circuit board 104 weighs4 g and is suspended by using a metal suspension 106 and metalsuspension 110 with a resonant frequency of approximately 80 Hz.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator. In the example shown, multipole magnet 120 andmultipole magnet 122 each comprise a series of magnets with a cycle ofadjacent north-south and then south-north oriented magnets. In someembodiments, multipole magnet 120 and/or multipole magnet 122comprise(s) a sheet magnet (e.g., NdFeB rubber sheet magnet). In someembodiments, a sheet magnet has a surface magnetic field of ˜150 mTesla.In various embodiments, the pitch for the magnet is a couple ofmillimeters, 1 millimeter, a fraction of a millimeter, or any otherappropriate pitch. In some embodiments, the pitch is matched to therange of motion being harvested for energy. In some embodiments, thereis only one multipole magnet (e.g., multipole magnet 120 or multipolemagnet 122) presenting a field to multilayer circuit board.

Multipole magnet 120 and multipole magnet 122 each presents a magneticfield to multilayer circuit board 124. Multipole magnet 120 andmultipole magnet 122 are on opposite sides of multilayer circuit board124. Multipole magnet 120 and multipole magnet 122 are aligned such thatthe stripes of north of one magnet line up with the stripes of south ofthe other magnet. Multilayer circuit board 104 experiences a highermagnetic field because of the two magnets (multipole magnet 120 andmultipole magnet 122). Multilayer circuit board 124 moves relative tomultipole magnet 120 and multipole magnet 122. Multipole magnet 120 isoscillated using suspension 125 and suspension 129. Suspension 125suspends multipole magnet 120 from fixed structure 127. Suspension 129suspends multipole magnet 120 from fixed structure 132. Suspension 126suspends multipole magnet 122 from fixed structure 128. Suspension 130suspends multipole magnet 122 from fixed structure 131. Suspension 125,suspension 126, suspension 129, and suspension 130 are selected suchthat the oscillation frequency of the suspended multipole magnet 120 andmultipole magnet 122 is/are tailored for the motion experienced by thepower generator. In various embodiments, the tailoring is achieved byselecting the size, material, mass (e.g., adding mass), or any otherappropriate characteristic of multipole magnet 120 and/or multipolemagnet 122 and/or suspension 125, suspension 126, suspension 129, and/orsuspension 130. In some embodiments, weight is added to multilayercircuit board 124. In some embodiments, suspension 125, suspension 126,suspension 129, and/or suspension 130 are made using low cost stampingand cutting. In some embodiments, suspension 125, suspension 126,suspension 129, and/or suspension 130 are made of plastic. In someembodiments, suspension 125, suspension 126, suspension 129, and/orsuspension 130. is/are part of a suspension sheet, where the suspensionsheet is coupled to multipole magnet 120 or multipole magnet 122.Mutlipole magnet 120 and multipole magnet 122 are each allowed tooscillate independently.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator. In the example shown, multipole magnet 140 andmultipole magnet 142 each comprise a series of magnets with a cycle ofadjacent north-south and then south-north oriented magnets. In someembodiments, multipole magnet 140 and/or multipole magnet 142comprise(s) a sheet magnet (e.g., NdFeB sheet magnet). In someembodiments, a sheet magnet has a surface magnetic field of ˜150 mTesla.In various embodiments, the pitch for the magnet is a couple ofmillimeters, 1 millimeter, a fraction of a millimeter, or any otherappropriate pitch. In some embodiments, the pitch is matched to therange of motion being harvested for energy. In some embodiments, thereis only one multipole magnet (e.g., multipole magnet 140 or multipolemagnet 142) presenting a field to multilayer circuit board.

Multipole magnet 140 and multipole magnet 142 each presents a magneticfield to multilayer circuit board 144. Multipole magnet 140 andmultipole magnet 142 are on opposite sides of multilayer circuit board144. Multipole magnet 140 and multipole magnet 142 are aligned in theresting position of the suspensions such that the stripes of north ofone magnet line up with the stripes of south of the other magnet.Multilayer circuit board 144 experiences a higher magnetic field becauseof the two magnets (multipole magnet 140 and multipole magnet 142).Multilayer circuit board 144 moves relative to multipole magnet 140 andmultipole magnet 142. Multipole magnet 140 and multipole magnet 142 areoscillated using suspension 146 and suspension 150. Suspension 146suspends multipole magnet 140 and mutlipole magnet 142 from fixedstructure 148. Suspension 150 suspends multipole magnet 140 andmultipole magnet 142 from fixed structure 152. Suspension 146 andsuspension 150 are selected such that the oscillation frequency of thesuspended multipole magnet 140 and multipole magnet 142 is/are tailoredfor the motion experienced by the power generator. In variousembodiments, the tailoring is achieved by selecting the size, material,mass (e.g., adding mass), or any other appropriate characteristic ofmultipole magnet 140 and/or multipole magnet 142 and/or suspension 146and/or suspension 150. In some embodiments, weight is added tomultilayer circuit board 144. In some embodiments, suspension 146 and/orsuspension 150 are made using low cost stamping and cutting. In someembodiments, suspension 146 and/or suspension 150 are made of plastic.In some embodiments, or suspension 146 and/or suspension 150 is/are partof a suspension sheet, where the suspension sheet is coupled tomultipole magnet 140 or multipole magnet 142. Mutlipole magnet 140 andmultipole magnet 142 are coupled so that they oscillate together.

FIG. 1D is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator. In the example shown, multipole magnet 160 comprises aseries of magnets with a cycle of adjacent north-south and thensouth-north oriented magnets. In some embodiments, multipole magnet 160comprises a sheet magnet (e.g., NdFeB sheet magnet). In someembodiments, a sheet magnet has a surface magnetic field of ˜150 mTesla.In various embodiments, the pitch for the magnet is a couple ofmillimeters, 1 millimeter, a fraction of a millimeter, or any otherappropriate pitch. In some embodiments, the pitch is matched to therange of motion being harvested for energy.

Multipole magnet 160 present a magnetic field to multilayer circuitboard 164 and multilayer circuit board 165. Multilayer circuit board 164and multilayer circuit board 165 are on opposite sides of mutlipolemagnet 160. Multilayer circuit board 164 and multilayer circuit board165 are aligned such that the stripes of north of one magnet line upwith the conductor lines in the circuit boards in the resting positionof the suspensions. The motion of multipole magnet 160 presents a changein magnetic flux enclosed by the areas between conductors on multilayercircuit board 164 and multilayer circuit board 165 such that a currentis generated. Multipole magnet 160 is oscillated using suspension 166and suspension 170. Suspension 166 suspends multipole magnet 160 fromfixed structure 168. Suspension 170 suspends multipole magnet 160 fromfixed structure 172. Suspension 166 and suspension 170 are selected suchthat the oscillation frequency of the suspended multipole magnet 160 istailored for the motion experienced by the power generator. In variousembodiments, the tailoring is achieved by selecting the size, material,mass (e.g., adding mass), or any other appropriate characteristic ofmultipole magnet 160 and/or suspension 166 and/or suspension 170. Insome embodiments, weight is added to mutlipole magnet 160. In someembodiments, suspension 166 and/or suspension 170 are made using lowcost stamping and cutting. In some embodiments, suspension 166 and/orsuspension 170 are made of plastic. In some embodiments, or suspension166 and/or suspension 170 is/are part of a suspension sheet, where thesuspension sheet is coupled to multipole magnet 160.

In some embodiments, multipole magnet 160 is approximately 3.5 cm wide,4 cm tall, and 1 mm thick and weighs about 4 g. Multipole magnet 160 issuspended by using a stamped metal suspension 166 and suspension 170with a resonant frequency of approximately 80 Hz.

FIG. 1E is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator. In the example shown, multipole magnet 174 comprises aseries of magnets with a cycle of adjacent north-south and thensouth-north oriented magnets. In some embodiments, multipole magnet 174comprises a sheet magnet (e.g., NdFeB sheet magnet). In someembodiments, a sheet magnet has a surface magnetic field of ˜150 mTesla.In various embodiments, the pitch for the magnet is a couple ofmillimeters, 1 millimeter, a fraction of a millimeter, or any otherappropriate pitch. In some embodiments, the pitch is matched to therange of motion being harvested for energy.

Multipole magnet 174 present a magnetic field to multilayer circuitboard 184. Multilayer circuit board 184 is aligned such that the stripesof north of one magnet line up with the conductor lines in multilayercircuit board 184 in the resting position of the suspensions. The motionof multipole magnet 174 presents a change in magnetic flux enclosed bythe areas between conductors on multilayer circuit board 184 such that avoltage and/or current is generated. Multipole magnet 174 is oscillatedusing suspension 176 and suspension 180. Suspension 176 suspendsmultipole magnet 174 from fixed structure 178. Suspension 180 suspendsmultipole magnet 174 from fixed structure 182. Suspension 176 andsuspension 180 are selected such that the oscillation frequency of thesuspended multipole magnet 174 is tailored for the motion experienced bythe power generator. In various embodiments, the tailoring is achievedby selecting the size, material, mass (e.g., adding mass), or any otherappropriate characteristic of multipole magnet 174 and/or suspension 176and/or suspension 180. In some embodiments, weight is added to mutlipolemagnet 174. In some embodiments, suspension 176 and/or suspension 180are made using low cost stamping and cutting. In some embodiments,suspension 176 and/or suspension 180 are made of plastic. In someembodiments, or suspension 176 and/or suspension 180 is/are part of asuspension sheet, where the suspension sheet is coupled to multipolemagnet 174.

In some embodiments, multipole magnet 174 is approximately 3.5 cm wide,4 cm tall, and 1 mm thick. Multipole magnet 174 weighs 4 g and issuspended by using a stamped metal suspension 176 and suspension 180with a resonant frequency of approximately 80 Hz.

FIG. 1F is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a portion of apower generator. In the example shown, multipole magnet 196 comprises aseries of magnets with a cycle of adjacent north-south and thensouth-north oriented magnets. In some embodiments, multipole magnet 196comprises a sheet magnet (e.g., NdFeB sheet magnet). In someembodiments, a sheet magnet has a surface magnetic field of ˜150 mTesla.In various embodiments, the pitch for the magnet is a couple ofmillimeters, 1 millimeter, a fraction of a millimeter, or any otherappropriate pitch. In some embodiments, the pitch is matched to therange of motion being harvested for energy.

Multipole magnet 196 present a magnetic field to multilayer circuitboard 186. Multilayer circuit board 186 is aligned such that the stripesof north of one magnet line up with the conductor lines in multilayercircuit board 186 in the resting position of the suspensions. The motionof multilayer circuit board 186 presents a change in magnetic fluxenclosed by the areas between conductors on multipole magnet 196 suchthat a voltage and/or current is generated. Multilayer circuit board 186is oscillated using suspension 192 and suspension 188. Suspension 188suspends multilayer circuit board 186 from fixed structure 190.Suspension 192 suspends multilayer circuit board 186 from fixedstructure 194. Suspension 192 and suspension 188 are selected such thatthe oscillation frequency of the suspended multilayer circuit board 186is tailored for the motion experienced by the power generator. Invarious embodiments, the tailoring is achieved by selecting the size,material, mass (e.g., adding mass), or any other appropriatecharacteristic of multilayer circuit board 186 and/or suspension 192and/or suspension 188. In some embodiments, weight is added tomultilayer circuit board 186. In some embodiments, suspension 192 and/orsuspension 188 are made using low cost stamping and cutting. In someembodiments, suspension 192 and/or suspension 188 are made of plastic.In some embodiments, or suspension 192 and/or suspension 188 is/are partof a suspension sheet, where the suspension sheet is coupled tomultilayer circuit board 186.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powergenerator. In the example shown, suspension sheet 200 is coupled tomultipole magnet 202. Suspension sheet 200 is coupled to a surroundingstructure—for example, by flexures 208—making a spring-mass structurethat is capable of motion/oscillation in the direction indicated by 210.Multipole magnet 202 comprises a sheet magnet with alternating stripesof poles. The direction of motion along 210 is perpendicular to thestripes of multipole magnet 202 so that the motion causes a change inmagnetic field to be experienced for a fixed structure nearby the movingsheet. Suspension sheet 200 and multipole magnet 202 move relative tomultilayer circuit board 206. Multilayer circuit board 206 includesconductor 204 arranged to generate current in the event that a change inmagnetic flux from a multipole magnet moves (e.g., multipole magnet202). Conductor 204 is arranged in a serpentine pattern with long linesparallel to the magnetic sheet pole stripes and short legs across thestripes. In some embodiments, a conductor appears on a plurality oflayers of multilayer circuit board 206. In various embodiments,conductors on each of the plurality of layers are electrically separatefrom each other, conductors on each of the plurality of layers areelectrically connected, conductors on each of the plurality of layersare “in parallel” with each layer conductor path—for example, similarcircuit path on each layer connected at the same ends on each layer,conductors on each of the plurality of layers are “in series” for eachlayer conductor path—for example, similar circuit path on each layerconnected at opposite ends on each layer, or any other appropriateconductor connectivity and layout.

In some embodiments, multipole magnet 202 has dimensions 35 mm×40 mm×2mm. There are 20 stripes of width 2 mm each. The strength of the magnetis about 0.3 Tesla in the range of interest (i.e., where multilayercircuit board 206 oscillates). The serpentines are arranged to line upwith the magnetic pole stripes, and there are 20×3=60 on each layer ofthe printed circuit board (see FIG. 3A). In various embodiments, thereare 3 loops, 5 loops, or any other appropriate number of loops. Thereare 6 layers in multilayer circuit board 206 for a total of 360conductors. The total mass of the oscillator is 6 grams, which includesthe circuit board and some connectors and spring attachments. Theresulting oscillation frequency is about 75 Hz. The peak open circuitvoltage generated is about 5 volts. The coil resistance is about 10Ohms, so when the coil is terminated with 10 Ohm resistor, the resultingpeak power is 2.5 watts (5 volts, 0.5 amps). However, the average powergenerated over 20 mSec, which is the relevant time window for a lightswitch, is about 100 mW. Since this product operates in free oscillationmode, there really isn't an off-resonance operating point.

FIG. 2B are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of suspension sheetgeometries. In the examples shown, attachment points are shown for eachsuspension sheet (e.g., 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, and 290) anda direction for oscillation (e.g., 222, 232, 242, 252, 262, 272, 282,and 292). In some embodiments, the suspension sheets in FIG. 2B are madeof a material that is cut or stamped or molded. In some embodiments, thesuspension sheets are fabricated from a plastic. In various embodiments,the spring constant of the suspension is tuned by selecting materialtype, selecting material thickness, selecting material width along thearms that extend from the central body of the suspension platform to theattachment points, or any other appropriate manner of tuning the springconstant. In various embodiments, the oscillation frequency of thesuspension plus multipole magnet or multilayer circuit board is tuned byselecting material type of the suspension, selecting mass of the centralbody of the suspension, selecting mass of the multipole magnet,selecting mass of the multilayer circuit board, or any other appropriatemanner of tuning the oscillation frequency.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductorlayout on a layer of a multilayer circuit board. In the example shown,conductor end 300 is coupled to conductor 302 running parallel to amagnet stripe on a multipole magnet. Conductor 302 is coupled toconductor 306 running across the magnet stripe. Conductor 306 is alsocoupled to conductor 308 running parallel to the magnet stripe in themultipole magnet. Similar conductors are arranged to surround othermagnet stripes of the multipole magnet and are configured to generate acurrent when the multipole magnet moves from the change in magnetic fluxenclosed by the area between conductors (e.g., between 308 and conductor310). The conductor is arranged in a serpentine which doubles back andends at conductor end 304. In this way, there are multiple serpentineconductors wired in series on a single layer of the circuit board. FIG.3A shows two serpentine conductors in series. In some embodiments,conductor is on multiple layers of a circuit board and connected toother layers using vias.

FIG. 3B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductor incross section view. In the example shown, multilayer circuit board 320includes a plurality of conductors shown in cross section (e.g.,conductor 322). The conductors are similar in pattern to those shown inFIG. 3A on each layer of the multilayer circuit board.

FIG. 3C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductor ona layer of a multilayer circuit board. In the example shown, the loopcreated by conductor 340, conductor 342, and conductor 344 generatescurrent from one polarity of magnet of the magnetic sheet. The loopcreated by conductor 346, conductor 348, and conductor 350 generatescurrent from another polarity of magnet of the magnetic sheet. The loopsare connected in series through vias (e.g., vias 352). Conductor 354 ison a different layer than conductor 340, conductor 342, conductor 344,conductor 346, conductor 348, and conductor 350. In the example shown,conductor end 340 is connected to conductor end 344 through a series ofvias (e.g., via 348). In the example shown, all conductors are on thesame layer except those shown with a dotted line (e.g. 354). The end ofconductor 344 attaches to a via which drops to a different layer so thatit can go back underneath 340, but conductors 340 and 344 are on thesame layer. Loop 390 generates a current from one polarity of magnet ofthe magnetic sheet. Loop 392 generates a current from another polarityof magnet of the magnetic sheet.

FIG. 3D is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a conductor ontwo layers of a multilayer circuit board. In the example shown,conductor 360 is connected to conductor 362 on one layer of a circuitboard by means of a serpentine similar to the serpentine in FIG. 3A.Conductor 362 on one layer is connected to conductor 366 on a secondlayer (shown by a dashed line) by means of via 364 which connects thetwo layers together. In this way the two serpentine conductors shown inFIG. 3D are wired together in series. While only two layers are shown,this method can be applied to any number layers.

FIG. 3E is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multilayercircuit board with five serpentine conductors on each one of multiplelayers. In the example shown, conductor 380 is connected to conductor382 by means of the serpentines which are wrapped around on each othersimilar to the serpentine in FIG. 3A. As shown, the 5 serpentines arewired in series. The serpentine conductors in each layer can then beconnected to identical serpentines on other layers by means of a viasuch as via 384. Any number of layers could be connected together inthis manner. For example, if six layers are used and each layer isconnected in series with the subsequent layer similar as the layers inFIG. 3D are connected, then there would be thirty serpentine conductorsall connected in series.

In some embodiments, the planar conductors are made out of stamped andlaminated (or laminated then stamped) metal. The metal layers areseparated by an insulated layer and connected to each other with metalvias in the insulated layer. In various embodiments, the conductorscomprise wound wire or placed wire in a form or potted in an epoxy orplastic. In various embodiments, the conductors are in a serpentineshape, are in a coil shape, are on a single layer, are on a plurality oflayers, are on a planar surface, are three dimensional in shape (e.g., aspiral, a laddered serpentine, etc.), or any other appropriateconfiguration for offering an area to a magnetic flux that results in ageneration of power in the event that there is relative motion betweenthe conductor(s) and the multipole magnet.

In some embodiments, the serpentine conductor offers areas appropriatefor a two dimensional array of alternating polarity magnets.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multipolemagnet. In the example shown, the end view of magnet stripes (e.g.,north end stripe 400, south end stripe 402) in a mutlipole magnet areshown along with magnetic field lines (e.g., field lines 404). Directlyabove the center of one of the poles the magnetic field is almostentirely in the Y direction. Directly above the transition from one poleto another, the magnetic field lines are almost entirely in theX-direction.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multipolemagnet in the form of a magnetic sheet. In the example shown, themagnetic sheet is poled such that it has stripes or lines of alternatingpolarity. Magnet stripe 420 is a north section and magnet stripe 422 isa south poled section. The dotted lines 424 indicate boundaries betweenmagnetic stripes, but are not physical separations in the magneticsheet.

In some embodiments, the magnetic sheet is poled such that it has a twodimensional array of magnets of alternating polarity.

FIG. 4C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multipolemagnet in the form of an array of bar magnets. In the example shown, thebars are arranged in alternating fashion. As shown in the figure, barmagnet 440 is placed with its north pole facing up, and the adjacent barmagnet 442 is placed with its south pole facing up. In some embodiments,bar magnets are affixed to a plane or flat substrate with an adhesive.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powergenerator. In the example shown, directly above the center of one of thepoles (e.g., poles of magnetic stripe 500 or magnetic stripe 502), themagnetic field is almost entirely in the Y direction. It is the Ydirection magnetic field that is enclosed by conductors 506. As theproof mass (e.g., the multipole magnet sheet in this diagram) moves backand forth in the X direction, the magnetic flux enclosed by conductors506 changes generating a voltage across and/or a current in conductors506. Circuit board 504 (e.g., a stationary printed circuit board (PCB))includes conductors 506 (e.g., lines of metal etched to appropriateshapes using standard PCB fabrication). As shown, circuit board 504comprises one layer, however, in various embodiments comprises aplurality of layers.

It should be noted that the Y direction magnetic flux experienced byconductors 506 drops off as the magnets move apart in the Y directionbecause the strength of Y direction magnetic field also drops off.However, this effect is small compared to the voltage generated by the Xdirection motion.

FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powergenerator. In the example shown, power can also be generated from motionalong the y axis. Directly above the transition from one pole to another(e.g., poles of magnetic stripe 520 and magnetic stripe 522), themagnetic field lines are almost entirely in the X-direction. Motion inthe Y direction will produce voltage across coil conductors 526. Coilconductors 526 are shown in cross section. The flux linked by the coilswill drop off as the magnets (or multilayer circuit board 524 in someembodiments) moves in the Y direction. Coil conductors 526 of FIG. 5Band coil conductors 506 of FIG. 5A can coexist on multilayer circuitboard 524 (e.g., a PCB). Thus power can be generated by motion in boththe X and Y direction.

It should be noted that the embodiment shown in FIG. 5B can alsogenerate power by motion in the X direction. As the multipole magnetmoves in the X direction, the X direction magnetic flux enclosed byconductors 526 changes creating a voltage across those coil conductors.Coil conductors 526 of FIG. 5B and coil conductors 506 of FIG. 5A cancoexist and both produce power from motion in either the X or Ydirections.

FIG. 6 are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of a coil conductor.In some embodiments, coil conductors in FIG. 6 are used to implement 526of FIG. 5B. In the example shown, top view of multilayer circuit board600 includes conductors 602 and conductors for current to be generatedin response to flux changes. Conductors 602 and conductors 622 andconductors 642 show a coil structure used to capture flux changes. Insome embodiments, conductors 602 are connected to a power managementcircuit using lines 604. In various embodiments, conductors 602 areconnected in parallel, in series, or in any other appropriate mannerwith a power management circuit. Top view shows cross section A andcross section B lines. Cross section A shows a side view of multilayercircuit board 620. Cross section B shows a side view orthogonal to crosssection B of multilayer circuit board 640.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a powermanagement circuit. In the example shown, power management circuit 700comprises diode rectifier 702, capacitor 704, DC-DC converter 706,battery 708, and electronic load 710. Conductors exposed to changingmagnetic flux produce a voltage/current that is fed into diode rectifier702. Diode rectifier 702 rectifies an alternating voltage/current to asingle polarity voltage/current. The single polarity voltage/current issmoothed using capacitor 704. The smoothed voltage/current is convertedto a desired DC value using DC-DC converter 706. DC-DC converter 706comprises a switch allowing a portion of an input voltage/current tocharge a capacitor. The portion can be varied by varying the amount thatthe switch is on. The portion controls the voltage converted to. Theconverted voltage is fed to battery 708 and electronic load 710. In someembodiments, there is a switch between battery 708 output and electronicload 710 to control whether the output power is allowed to be input toelectronic load 710.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process forgenerating power. In the example shown, in 800 DC power is provided as aresult of relative motion between an array of magnets and a conductor,wherein the array comprises a one dimensional or two dimensional arrayof magnets, and wherein the conductor comprises a serpentine conductorthat is on a plurality of layers of a multilayer printed circuit board.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process forgenerating power. In the example shown, in 900 DC power is provided as aresult of relative motion between a sheet magnet and a conductor,wherein the array comprises a one dimensional or two dimensional arrayof alternating magnetic poles, and wherein the conductor comprises aserpentine conductor that is on one or more planes.

A wireless switch is disclosed. The wireless switch comprises amechanical oscillator, a mechanical impulse deliverer, an array ofmagnets, a conductor, a power management circuit, and a power managementcircuit. The mechanical impulse deliverer delivers a mechanical impulseto the mechanical oscillator when the wireless switch is switched. Thearray comprises a one dimensional or two dimensional array of magnetspositioned on a planar surface. The conductor comprises a serpentineconductor. The power management circuit provides DC power as a result ofrelative motion due to the mechanical oscillator between the array ofmagnets and the conductor.

A wireless switch is disclosed. The wireless switch comprises amechanical oscillator, a mechanical impulse deliverer, a multipolemagnet, a set of coils, and a power management circuit. The mechanicalimpulse deliverer delivers a mechanical impulse when the wireless switchis switched to the mechanical oscillator. There is relative motion dueto the mechanical oscillator between the set of coils and the multipolemagnet. The power management circuit uses a current generated by havingrelative motion between the set of coils and the mulitpole magnet togenerate power for transmitting a wireless signal indicating that thewireless switch has been switched.

In some embodiments, suspension springs that are preloaded areadvantageous. A preloaded generator works as follows. The suspensionsprings are initially held in a preloaded position by some ratcheting orfriction mechanism. When a user actuates the device (e.g., a wirelessswitch), the ratcheting mechanism pushes a proof mass and springsslightly further in the direction of the preload and then releases themechanism. A ratcheting wheel rotates counter clockwise to complete thisaction. The wheel, however, cannot rotate in the clockwise direction.Once released, the proof mass oscillates to the far side and back,catching the ratcheting mechanism on the return. Thus, the systemremains in preload for the next actuation. Depending on timing, theproof mass may oscillate more than once before catching the ratchetingmechanism, but it cannot oscillate so long that its amplitude is too lowto re-engage the ratcheting mechanism.

In some embodiments, a proof mass is caught by a latch. The latch isreleased when a user pulls or pushes on the device. The latch isreleased when latch makes contact after moving due to the displacementof the proof mass as a result of the user pull or push.

There are two advantages of this type of design for a powergenerator: 1) The maximum voltage is proportional to maximum velocity,and by preloading the springs, the maximum velocity in increased in thisdesign; and 2) All of the energy collection happens very quickly, in thefirst oscillation or first few oscillations—thus, the maximum power ishigher, although the total energy generation is not. Compressing theenergy generation into a shorter time interval can be advantageous forsome applications.

In some embodiments the mechanical impulse deliverer is actuated by abutton, a lever, a rotary dial, a toggle switch, etc. The impulsedeliverer displaces a proof mass a given distance and then release theproof mass while leaving space for the proof mass to oscillate withoutinterference.

In some embodiments, the conductor is implemented by means of amultilayer circuit board. In various embodiments, the conductorcomprises a serpentine conductor, a set of coils, multiple layers ofconductor, multiple structures corresponding to multiple poles, or anyother appropriate conductor.

FIG. 10A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a wirelessswitch. In the example shown, sliding actuator mechanism 1000 indirection 1001 (or opposite direction 1001) actuates proof mass 1002.Sliding actuator mechanism 1000 slides from one side to the other.Guides 1004 allow movement of interference features 1006 on slidingactuator mechanism 1000 into contact with mating features 1008 on proofmass 1002. As sliding actuator mechanism 1000 nears the end of itstravel, guides 1004 move the interference features 1006 out of contactwith mating features 1008 of proof mass 1002 leaving proof mass 1002free to oscillate back and forth in the direction indicated by 1010 dueto the spring characteristics of suspensions 1012. In some embodiments,suspensions are made of steel, stainless steel, brass, beryllium copper,plastic, etc. Suspensions 1012 suspend proof mass 1002 from substrate1014 (e.g., suspensions are coupled to substrate 1014 in the middle andare coupled to proof mass 1002 at the ends). The magnitude of proof mass1002 displacement is determined by the geometry of guides 1004 andinterference features 1006 and mating features 1008. In someembodiments, proof mass 1002 displacement is 3 mm and the oscillationfrequency of the switch is ˜70 Hz. In some embodiments, the switch isapproximately the size of a light switch. In some embodiments, proofmass 1002 has mass of ˜6 g. The switch has two sliding actuatormechanisms (e.g., one at the top and sliding actuator mechanism 1000 atthe bottom) that both are able to actuate proof mass 1002.

The oscillation of proof mass 1002 creates a relative motion between amultilayer circuit board and a multipole magnet (not shown in FIG. 10).For example, a multilayer circuit board mounted to the underside ofproof mass 1002 and a multipole magnet mounted to substrate 1014.

FIG. 10B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a wirelessswitch. In the example shown, sliding mechanism 1050 is used to providean impulse to proof mass 1052. Proof mass 1052 is suspended bysuspensions 1062 from substrate 1064 using offsets 1065.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a mechanism toactuate a proof mass using a push button or a rocker switch. In theexample shown, as button or switch 1104 is pushed down, the pushing downcauses a rotation about joint 1102. Interference feature 1106 pushesproof mass 1100 to one side (e.g., to the left). As button or switch1104 nears the end of its travel, proof mass 1100 is released byinterference feature 1106 leaving space for proof mass 1100 tooscillate. As shown, the actuation mechanism (e.g., button or switch1104) moves vertically (in the Z direction) to push proof mass 1100horizontally to the left (e.g., in the negative X direction). In someembodiments, the same basic mechanism is used such that the actuationmechanism moves in the Y direction and the actuation subsequently pushesproof mass 1100 horizontally to the left (e.g., in the negative Xdirection).

FIG. 12A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a mechanism toactuate a proof mass using a rotary dial. In the example shown, rotarydial 1200 is anchored to substrate 1202 by means not shown in thefigure. Rotary dial 1200 when turned turns multi-lobed cam 1204.Multi-lobed cam 1204 pushes follower 1206 displacing and then releasingproof mass 1208. Follower 1206 is coupled to proof mass 1208 which areboth suspended from substrate 1202 such that proof mass 1208 canoscillate with respect to substrate 1202. Proof mass 1208 is suspendedfrom substrate 1202 by suspension 1210. Suspension 1210 is coupled tofollower 1206 and proof mass 1208 in the middle (e.g., 1212) ofsuspension 1210 and is coupled to substrate 1202 at the ends (e.g.,1214). As shown, rotary dial 1200 turns 72 degrees to actuate andrelease proof mass 1208. In various embodiments, multi-lobed cam 1204has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or any other appropriate number of lobes.

FIG. 12B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a mechanism toactuate a proof mass using a rotary dial. In the example shown, rotarydial 1250 is moved by a user by moving dial 1254. Dial 1254 is coupledto cover 1252.

FIG. 12C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a mechanism toactuate a proof mass using a rotary dial.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a mechanism toactuate a proof mass using a sliding switch. In the example shown,sliding switch 1300, when pushed, rotates cam 1302 by means of ratchet1306 and pawl 1304. Pawl 1304 pushes on a tooth of ratchet 1306,rotating the cam 1302. When slider switch 1300 returns to its originalposition, either by means of a spring (not shown) or by being manuallyreturned, pawl 1304 rotates out of the way of the next ratchet tooth sothat it does not allow cam 1302 to turn in the opposite direction. Cam1302 pushes follower 1308 displacing and then releasing proof mass 1310.Follower 1308 is coupled to proof mass 1310 which are both suspendedfrom substrate 1312 such that proof mass 1310 can oscillate with respectto substrate 1312. Proof mass 1310 is suspended from substrate 1312 bysuspension 1314. Suspension 1314 is coupled to follower 1308 and proofmass 1310 in the middle (e.g., 1316) of suspension 1314 and is coupledto substrate 1312 at the ends (e.g., 1318).

FIG. 14A is a graph illustrating a displacement of a proof mass duringan oscillation after being actuated in one embodiment. In the exampleshown, the initial actuation is about 4 mm. The displacement damps downto about 3 mm for the next cycle peak after about 12 ms. The secondcycle peak is at about 1.6 mm after about 24 ms. The third cycle peak isat about 1 mm after about 36 ms, etc.

FIG. 14B is a graph illustrating a voltage generated over time afterbeing actuated in one embodiment. In the example shown, voltagegenerated is plotted versus time after actuation of proof mass. Theactuation results in an oscillation that damps down. Energy is generatedover many oscillations. The voltage generated at the largerdisplacements right after the actuation shows voltage cycling at ahigher frequency than the displacement. The higher frequency is due tothe relative motion between the conductors on the multilayer circuitboard and the multipole magnet being greater in amplitude than the pitchof the multipole magnet.

In some embodiments, energy generation takes up to a second. In someembodiments, it is necessary to capture the energy more quickly, whichis achievable using a preloaded spring.

FIGS. 15A-D are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of a preloadedswitch. In the example shown in FIG. 15A, spring 1500 is preloaded andheld in position by catch mechanism 1502. Switch 1504 is coupled to beam1512 which pivots on spring loaded pivot 1514. Pivot 1514 is coupled tohousing 1516. Housing 1516 is also coupled to catch mechanism 1502,preloaded spring 1500, and multipole magnet 1510. Switch 1504 moves beam1512 which in turn moves pusher 1518 that provides an impulse to proofmass 1506. When a user pushes switch 1504 (or turns a dial, or inputs adisplacement to proof mass 1506 by any other means), preloaded spring1500 is compressed slightly further releasing catch mechanism 1502 andproof mass 1506. Proof mass 1506 makes one oscillation “over and back”and is caught and latched by catch mechanism 1502 on its return. Proofmass 1506 includes multilayer circuit board 1508. Multilayer circuitboard 1508 is moved relative to multipole magnet 1510. The motionenables a current to be generated, which can be used as a source ofenergy (e.g., turned into stored power by rectifying the current andusing the current to power a circuit or to charge a battery or capacitorwhich can later power a circuit such as a transmitter or processor).

The energy input by the user is the same as the non-preloaded case.However, when proof mass 1506 is released, the energy stored inpreloaded spring 1500 is much larger than without preloading. Thereforethe peak power during the first oscillation is higher, but the totalenergy generated will be equal to the non pre-loaded case.

In the example shown in FIG. 15B, preloaded spring 1520 is compressedfurther by pusher 1538, which has been pushed by switch 1524 that inturn pivots beam 1532 about spring loaded pivot 1534. Catch mechanism1522 moves out of the way as proof mass 1526 further compressespreloaded spring 1520. Spring loaded pivot 1534 is coupled to housing1536. Housing 1536 is also coupled to catch mechanism 1522, preloadedspring 1520, and multipole magnet 1530. Proof mass 1526 includesmultilayer circuit board 1528. Multilayer circuit board 1528 is movedrelative to multipole magnet 1530.

In the example shown in FIG. 15C, preloaded spring 1540 is allowed torapidly decompress pushing proof mass 1546 with multilayer circuit board1548 relative to multipole magnet 1550. Pusher 1558 does not interferewith the rapid decompression of preloaded spring 1540 or proof mass 1546by being moved out of the way. Pusher 1558, beam 1552, spring loadedpivot 1554, and catch mechanism 1542 return to their original positions.

In the example shown in FIG. 15D, preloaded spring 1560 oscillates backto a preloaded position and is caught by catch mechanism 1562, which hasreturned to its original position. Proof mass 1566 with multilayercircuit board 1568 are again ready to be actuated by an impulse providedby switch relative 1564. Switch 1564, when activated, moves beam 1572and pusher 1578, by pivoting spring loaded pivot 1574.

FIGS. 16A and 16B are block diagrams illustrating embodiments of apreloaded rotary switch. In the example shown in FIG. 16A, proof mass1600 is suspended using soft springs 1602. Proof mass 1600 is coupled tostiff preloaded spring 1604. Wheel 1606 is a ratcheting wheel used toactuate and re-catch proof mass 1600. Wheel 1608 is pushed by proof mass1600 and through gearing this push is used to index wheel 1606positioning wheel 1606 to catch proof mass 1600 upon its return.

In the example shown in 16B, a user turns wheel 1626 counter clockwise,which further compresses a stiff preloaded spring (e.g., stiff preloadedspring 1604) and then releases a proof mass (e.g., proof mass 1600,which is configured to make a relative movement between a multilayercircuit board and a mulitpole magnet and thereby generate a current).Proof mass 1600 is then pushed to the right by stiff preloaded spring1604. Near the end of its travel to the right, proof mass 1600 contactsand pushes on a mating tooth of wheel 1608. This slightly rotates wheel1608. Because the two wheels are connected by a gear mechanism (e.g.,gear 1630 and gear 1632), the rotation of wheel 1628 or 1608 also turns,or indexes, wheel 1606 or 1626 such that proof mass 1600 will re-catchon wheel 1606 or 1626 upon its return when being drawn back by stiffpreloaded spring 1604.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a preloadedrotary switch. In the example shown, proof mass 1700 is preloaded withlong springs 1702. A rotary switch rotates wheel 1704. Wheel 1704engages feature 1706 to provide an impulse to proof mass 1700. Wheel1704 has a ratcheting mechanism so that it can only rotatecounter-clockwise. Proof mass 1700 is caught on the way back by wheel1704. Proof mass 1700 motion enables relative movement between a circuitboard and a multipole magnet.

FIG. 18A is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a catch andrelease mechanism. In the example shown, proof mass 1802 is in itsneutral position such that spring 1804 in neither extended norcompressed. Catch arms 1808 are engage proof mass 1802 and are held inposition by spring loaded pin joints 1810. Catch arms 1808 are connectedto each other via slider arm 1812. The movement of slider arm 1812 iscontrolled by guide 1814 in the base of the part. The user, or someswitch mechanism, pulls on slider arm 1812 in the direction shown byarrow 1816 which pulls the proof mass in that direction.

FIG. 18B is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a catch andrelease mechanism. In the example shown, proof mass 1832 is in theposition of maximum displacement. It has been pulled to the left bycatch arms 1838. Catch arms 1838 have been rotated by contact withinterference features 1840 which are connected to base 1842 of the part.Catch arms 1838 have been rotated far enough that proof mass 1832 hasbeen released, and will begin to move to the right as indicated by arrow1844.

FIG. 18C is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a catch andrelease mechanism. As show in the figure, proof mass 1852 is in itsneutral position having been release having oscillated down to astationary position. Slider arm 1862 is moving toward proof mass 1852.Catch arms 1858 have come into contact with proof mass 1852 which hasforced them to rotate outwards. As slider arm 1862 moves farther towardproof mass 1852, catch arms 1858 will snap into place locking on proofmass 1852 as shown in FIG. 18A.

Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some detailfor purposes of clarity of understanding, the invention is not limitedto the details provided. There are many alternative ways of implementingthe invention. The disclosed embodiments are illustrative and notrestrictive.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless switch comprising: a mechanicaloscillator; a mechanical impulse deliverer, wherein the mechanicalimpulse deliverer delivers a mechanical impulse to the mechanicaloscillator; a first array of magnets positioned on a planar surface,wherein the first array comprises an array of magnets, wherein onemagnet is in direct contact with another magnet; and a first conductor,wherein the first conductor offers an area to a magnetic flux thatresults in a generation of power in the event that there is relativemotion between the first conductor(s) and the array of magnets; whereinthe first conductor includes two conductors wired in series each beingin parallel with each other on a single layer of a multilayer printedcircuit board; and wherein the two conductors are arranged in aserpentine pattern including a plurality of right angle turns.
 2. Awireless switch as in claim 1, wherein the first array of magnetscomprises a sheet magnet with alternating poles in one dimension or twodimensions.
 3. A wireless switch as in claim 1, wherein the firstconductor comprises a plurality of serpentines on a single layer of amultilayer printed circuit board.
 4. A wireless switch as in claim 1,further comprising a second conductor, wherein the second conductorcomprises a second serpentine conductor, and wherein the first conductorand the second conductor are on opposite sides of the first array ofmagnets.
 5. A wireless switch as in claim 1, further comprising a secondarray of magnets, and wherein the first array of magnets and the secondarray of magnets are on opposite sides of the first conductor.
 6. Awireless switch as in claim 1, wherein the relative motion comprisesmotion parallel to the planar surface.
 7. A wireless switch as in claim1, wherein the relative motion comprises motion perpendicular to theplanar surface.
 8. A wireless switch as in claim 1, wherein themechanical oscillator is preloaded.
 9. A wireless switch as in claim 6,wherein the preloading uses a spring or a flexure mechanism.
 10. Awireless switch as in claim 9, wherein a mechanical impulse delivererfurther loads the spring or the flexure mechanism and causes a releaseof a proof mass of the mechanical oscillator.
 11. A wireless switch asin claim 10, wherein the mechanical impulse deliverer comprises one ofthe following: a rotary dial, a lever, a push button, or a toggleswitch.
 12. A wireless switch as in claim 9, wherein a catch or aratchet catches the proof mass such that the spring or the flexuremechanism is preloaded again after one or more oscillations of themechanical oscillator.
 13. A method of wireless switching comprising:providing DC power as a result of relative motion due to a mechanicaloscillator between a first array of magnets and a first conductor,wherein one magnet is in direct contact with another magnet; wherein themechanical oscillator oscillates as a result of a mechanical impulsedelivered from switching a wireless switch; wherein the first conductorincludes two conductors wired in series each being in parallel with eachother on a single layer of a multilayer printed circuit board; andwherein the two conductors are arranged in a serpentine patternincluding a plurality of right angle turns.
 14. A method as in claim 13,wherein the first array of magnets comprises a sheet magnet withalternating poles in one dimension or two dimensions.
 15. A method as inclaim 13, wherein the first conductor comprises a plurality ofserpentines on a single layer of a multilayer printed circuit board. 16.A method as in claim 13, further comprising a second conductor, whereinthe second conductor comprises a second serpentine conductor, andwherein the first conductor and the second conductor are on oppositesides of the first array of magnets.
 17. A method as in claim 13,further comprising a second array of magnets, wherein the first array ofmagnets and the second array of magnets are on opposite sides of thefirst conductor.
 18. A method as in claim 13, wherein the relativemotion comprises motion parallel to the planar surface.
 19. A method asin claim 13, wherein the relative motion comprises motion perpendicularto the planar surface.
 20. A method as in claim 13, wherein themechanical oscillator is preloaded.
 21. A method as in claim 18, whereinthe preloading uses a spring or a flexure mechanism.
 22. A method as inclaim 21, wherein a mechanical impulse deliverer further loads thespring or the flexure mechanism and causes a release of a proof mass ofthe mechanical oscillator.
 23. A method as in claim 22, wherein themechanical impulse deliverer comprises one of the following: a rotarydial, a lever, a push button, or a toggle switch.
 24. A method as inclaim 21, wherein a catch or a ratchet catches the proof mass such thatthe spring or the flexure mechanism is preloaded again after one or moreoscillations of the mechanical oscillator.